In other words, the number of substances entering into the reaction is equal to the number of substances received as a result of the reaction. 8 Reactive oxygen species production by excess selenium, and implications in SEPHS2 KO toxicity. You realize that you have some hydrochloric acid (HCl), a very strong acid, left over. c, SEPHS2 immunoblots from the cells used in b. Jiang, L. et al. Wexler, P. TOXNET: an evolving web resource for toxicology and environmental health information. 35, 109134 (2015). 1 Panel of toxic metabolites and putative detoxifying enzymes tested. 10ae b, Percentages of Annexin V+/PI- and Annexin V+/PI+cells. Electrode preparation. We must be careful when performing this reaction as it is an exothermic reaction, meaning that it gives off heat. Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA, Anne E. Carlisle,Namgyu Lee,Asia N. Matthew-Onabanjo,Meghan E. Spears,Daniel Youkana,Mihir B. Doshi,Austin Peppers,Rui Li,Alexander B. Joseph,Karl Simin,Lihua Julie Zhu,Leslie M. Shaw&Dohoon Kim, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA, Environmental Testing and Research Laboratories, Leominster, MA, USA, You can also search for this author in [3] Alternatively, sodium selenide can be prepared by the reaction of gaseous hydrogen selenide with metallic sodium at 100 C. All samples were lysed between 7~8 days after viral transduction. Normalized mRNA-Seq expression profile data from patient tumor tissues and normal tissues was obtained from GEPIA (Tang, Z. et al. If they meet without a Chemists supervision, it bodes only disaster! 194, 499508 (2012). c, Immunoblots of SLC7A11 in cells transduced with Cas9/sgRNAs targeting SLC7A11 or non-targeting sgRNA. Bernd E. Langner "Selenium and Selenium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (published on-line in 2000) Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sodium_selenite&oldid=1084200558, Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs, Multiple chemicals in an infobox that need indexing, Chemical articles with multiple CAS registry numbers, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 23 April 2022, at 03:44. and N.L. Romeo and Juliet just may end happily after all. (d and e) Micrographs of serial xenograft tumor sections stained with CA9, GPX4, KI67 antibodies and in situ hybridized with SEPHS2 RNA probe. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. (2017) GEPIA: a web server for cancer and normal gene expression profiling and interactive analyses. Understand hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide and steps to neutralize hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide. e, Viability of control and SEPHS2 deficient U251 and MDAMB231 cells treated with vehicle or the indicated drugs for 4 days. USA 106, 1140011405 (2009). How can magnesium hydroxide be a strong base and be sparingly soluble at the same time? Sodium selenite is a precursor of Sec biosynthesis, and supplement of cells with Na 2 SeO 3 could significantly increases the Sec level in cells (Kryukov et al., 2003). We should also only work with these chemicals in a well-ventilated area. Do not boil dry. In vitro, sodium selenide directly induced DNA phosphodiester-bond breaks via an O 2 -dependent reaction. Acid & Base Anhydrides | Formation, Reactions & Synthesis, Strong Acid or Strong Base Titration | Overview, Curve & Equations, Acyl Chloride Reactions & Synthesis | Acyl Chloride Overview, Decomposition Reaction | Examples, Characteristics and Uses. National Library of Medicine. J. Biol. Methods 11, 783784 (2014). Extended Data Fig. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. This coloured solution should now be rinsed down the sink. Hanahan, D. & Weinberg, R. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. It's a precipitation reaction much like what you've probably learned before, just now in the class of organic salts, not metallic salts. Sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH(aq), (IRRITANT at concentration used) see CLEAPSS HazcardHC091a and CLEAPSS Recipe BookRB085. Talanta 153, 306331 (2016). Sodium selenite is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2SeO3. Why is there a voltage on my HDMI and coaxial cables? In these crystals, each cube face becomes a hollow, stepped pyramid shape. By using pH paper or a pH meter during the process, we can ensure that we end up with a neutral solution, which can be safely disposed of. To write a balanced chemical equation that describes this single replacement reaction, remember that, #overbrace("Na"_ ((s)) + "HCl"_ ((aq)))^(color(blue)("reactants")) -> overbrace("NaCl"_ ((aq)) + "H"_ (2(g)))^(color(darkgreen)("products"))# d, Quantification of CC3 positive cells over total cells in CTRL and SEPHS2 deficient MDAMB231 and U251. So if we have 500 mL of 0.5 M HCl, then we can determine how many moles of hydrogen ions we have: We changed 500 mL into 0.5 L because molarity is per L not per mL. Clinical applications of HPLC-ICP-MS element speciation: A review. and alkyl bromide (2 equiv. assisted with mouse xenograft studies. Source data are provided with this paper. This is discussed further below, but what follows here assumes that you have judged the class to be capable of doing this experiment using a burette with reasonable expectation of success. With occasional checks, it should be possible to decide when to decant surplus solution from each dish to leave good crystals for the students to inspect in the following. i, Viabilities of noncancer (immortalized) and cancer lines following KO with guides against SEPHS1 (blue bars) for 9 days. Selenate - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics PLoS One 8, e54353 (2013). To understand the full extent of the tragedy, lets get better acquainted with them and examine the nature of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. Biophys. With alkyl halides, one obtains a variety of organoselenium compounds : Na 2 Se + 2 RBr R 2 Se + 2 NaBr Practical Chemistry activities accompanyPractical PhysicsandPractical Biology. Students need training in using burettes correctly, including how to clamp them securely and fill them safely. 7 SEPHS2 and GPX4 expression in tumor microenvironments. For all panels, the measure of center is mean. However, it is also important to consider the number of hydrogen bonds formed between molecules, as you have already noted in your question. 9 Confirmation of gene knockout or overexpression after lentiviral transduction. Selenite, the ion Selenous acid Sodium selenite +6 compounds +6 compounds can exist in anions or cations, too. Sodium selenide is an inorganic compound of sodium and selenium with the chemical formula Na2Se. For a,b, n=3 biological replicates; error bars are S.D. around the world. The experiment is most likely to be suited to 1416 year old students. And thus the two warring families ceased their aggressions and madepeace. Salt solutions can be crystallised to produce solid salts. Lets first visit the chemical laboratory. Sodium selenide Sodium selenite Molecular weight 188.94 221.15 124.94 172.94 Color/form White crystals Colorless crystals or white powder b Crystalline; turns red on exposure to air and deliquesces White tetragonal crystals Physical state Solid Solid Solid Solid Melting point No data No data >875 EC No data . PDF Method in The Presence of Complexing Agent (Tartaric Acid) Anuar KASSIM Cerami, E. et al. An interaction with silver nitrate serves as a qualitative reaction to test for hydrochloric acid and itssalts. Nicole is a dedicated high school teacher with 16 years of experience in the classroom teaching AP Biology, biology, and integrated middle school science. The substances entering into the reaction are in an identical physical state an identical liquidstate. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-020-0224-7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-020-0224-7. Thank you for visiting nature.com. Most of the time in chemistry, when we say salt, we mean any positive and negative ion bonded with an ionic bond. 19, 974983 (2002). The Se-O distances range from 1.67 to 1.72. Notice that the problem provides you with the following information. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. I've been searching around the web and the consensus seems to be sodium salicylate dissolves poorly in HCl because it would form salicylic acid. Menu. Titration is used to determine, accurately, the volumes of solution required to reach the end-point of a chemical reaction. We can then simply determine the volume of base needed in order to have the same number of moles of hydroxide and hydrogen ions. What are the chemical reactions that have Na2Se (Sodium selenide; Selenodisodium; Disodio selenide) as reactant? Hum. 3 d , the FeS/NC in DME electrolyte achieved remarkable reversible capacity of 520, 485, 455, 441, 427, 400, and 519 mAh g -1 at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 A g -1 . Reduce the volume of the solution to about half by heating on a pipeclay triangle or ceramic gauze over a low to medium Bunsen burner flame. Olm, E. et al. Although, to be fair, we should note that only 1% of this water is suitable for consumption. d, shows a hypoxic region as indicated by membrane staining of CA9, and with a low Ki67 index. Why must you use another 25 cm3of sodium hydroxide solution, rather than making your crystals from the solution in stage 1? This is a resource from thePractical Chemistry project, developed by the Nuffield Foundation and the Royal Society of Chemistry. In order to neutralize, there must be the same number of moles of hydroxide ions as hydrogen ions. Sodium Selenide - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics We just need to add sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a strong base, into the mix. C5.4.7 describe and explain the procedure for a titration to give precise, accurate, valid and repeatable results, 6 Titration of a strong acid and strong alkali to find the concentration of the acid using an appropriate pH indicator, 7 Production of pure dry sample of an insoluble and soluble salt, C5 Monitoring and controlling chemical reactions, C5.1b describe the technique of titration, PAG 6 Titration of a strong acid and strong alkali to find the concentration of the acid using an appropriate pH indicator. Chemical Substance Systematic Name: Sodium selenide (Na2Se) IUPAC Name: Disodium selenide CAS Number: 1313-85-5 EPA Registry Name: Sodium selenide (Na2Se) Molecular Weight: 124.94 Molecular Formula: Na2Se Additional Metadata For more information about the substance, you may click one of the links below to take you to the relevant section: 3. Because selenide gas is volatile, 100 l of the mixture was added into the . tartaric acid. Use MathJax to format equations. For all panels, the measure of center is mean. Google Scholar. Breast and other cancer cells are selenophilic, owing to a secondary function of the cystine/glutamate antiporter SLC7A11 that promotes selenium uptake and selenocysteine biosynthesis, which, by allowing production of selenoproteins such as GPX4, protects cells against ferroptosis. Sodium hydroselenide - Wikipedia In the cases of cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, silver and zinc, cells did not survive to exposure to such conditions ( Fig. Wear proper protective equipment, such as gloves, safety glasses, and lab coat, to protect from splashes before beginning the neutralization process. Explanation: The ideal environmental conditions for a reaction, such as temperature, pressure, catalysts, and solvent. Sodium selenate is leached in water and is reduced to sodium selenide, which is then oxidized by blowing in air through the solution. Esterification & Reflux Purpose & Reaction | What is Reflux? The full electronic configuration is expected to include the sub-shells s, p, d, up to element . a, Raw flow cytometry of PI and Annexin V double-stained U251 and MDAMB231 cells following KO with guides against SEPHS2 at 10 days after viral infection. Extended Data Fig. J. Bacteriol. et al. [5], Sodium selenite has been proposed as an effective suicide agent. Titrating sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid | Experiment | RSC Education Use this class practical to explore titration, producing the salt sodium chloride with sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. e, Total thiol quantification of 24hr conditioned media from control and SLC3A2 KO U251 cells. Cell 177, 12621279 e1225 (2019). Find the concentration of a solution of hydrochloric acid. But if that's the case, why would sodium salicylate be poorly soluble in HCl just because it forms an acid when there are so many water molecules around? PubChem . But it just so happened that the handsome Sodium Hydroxide, from the Alkali family, fell in love with the enchanting Hydrochloric Acid from the Acidfamily! This salt is a colourless solid. This should produce a white crystalline solid in one or two days. Nucleic Acids Res. J. Biol. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles That means you can actually reduce the concentration of insoluble salicylic acid by adding base, e.g. Many such molecules react with acids and other compounds, and that's a big chunk of organic chemistry. Example: What is the formula of the compound formed between sodium (group 1) and selenium (group 16) sodium valency = group number = 1 selenium valency = 18 - group number = 2. Europe PMC. Values are relative to that of the same cells treated with vehicle (=1.0). This inorganic compoundrelated article is a stub. The X-axis and y-axis of Flow cytometry density plots were designated as Annexin V-FITC and PI, respectively. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. f, Scanned image of a polystyrene microplate cover with PVP spots embedded with silver nitrate or lead acetate. 7, 197208 (1966). pH was adjusted to 4 by addition of hydrochloric acid with constant stirring . Selenite Ameliorates Cadmium-induced Cytotoxicity Through Downregulation of ROS Levels and Upregulation of Selenoprotein Thioredoxin Reductase 1 in SH-SY5Y Cells, Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles Attenuate A2535-Induced Toxicity in PC12 Cells via Akt/CREB/BDNF Signaling Pathway, A micronutrient with major effects on cancer cell viability, Cancel Breast Cancer Res. Cell 172, 409422 e421 (2018). Ba2+Ba2+ and NO3NO3: Al3+Al3+ and CO32CO32: K+K+ and PO43PO43: Determine which ions are present in each of the compounds. and D.K. Ch 5 HW Flashcards | Quizlet National Institutes of Health. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) mixed with hydrochloric acid (HCl), a simple acid base reaction, results in the formation of salt and water. Slowly add HCl to cold water until it reaches a 1:10 dilution of acid to water. Let's think for a moment about how we would make salt water without acids and bases. The evaporation and crystallisation stages may be incomplete in the lesson time. A.E.C. Exothermic reactions occur when bonds are formed. contact | 21 Sodium metal reacts with Hydrochloric acid to produce salt and Hydrogen By what magic are we doing this? Maximum concentration at 20 C is 38%, with a solution density of 1.19g/cm. As we can see, the result of the interaction of two highly aggressive compounds is table salt and water compounds that are ultimately harmless, even beneficial, to human beings. For a,c,e and i, n=3 biological replicates; error bars are S.D. ae, Representative flow cytometry data to address gating and quadrant strategy for FACS measurement of dying/dead cells. Sodium Hydroxide Formula, Structure & Symbol | What is NaOH? However, this activity also becomes a liability for cancer cells because selenide is poisonous and must be processed by SEPHS2. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Just like NaOH, baking soda will also react with HCl to form a salt and water. As a result, when mixed with HCl (acid) it will react to form salt and water, both neutral substances. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Cancer Cell 163, 506519 (2015). The left lower quadrant represents Annexin V negative and PI negative live cells. Like other alkali metal chalcogenides, this material is highly sensitive to water, easily undergoing hydrolysis to give mixtures of sodium biselenide (NaSeH) and hydroxide. Production and characterization of high-performance cobalt-nickel Despite the fact that the solid-state is yellow, the solution is colourless. If you simply dump it down the drain, the acid could do a lot of damage to the pipes and kill the microbes necessary to breakdown organic matter in the sewage. Preparation of Lead Selenide Thin Films by Chemical Bath Deposition . organic chemistry - Would sodium salicylate dissolve in HCl f, Weight measurements for ex vivo CTRL and SEPHS2 KO MDAMB231 orthotopic xenograft tumors. The CoQ oxidoreductase FSP1 acts parallel to GPX4 to inhibit ferroptosis. The reaction is accompanied by a thermal effect, and the amount of heat released is 57.3kJ/mol. Cancer Discov. Values are relative to the cells cultured in normoxic condition (20% O2), set at 1.0. d, Viability of control, SEPHS2, GPX4, and SEPSECS deficient MDAMB231 cells under nutrient starved conditions (10% growth media) for 48hr. :D. The total number of stars for this article is: 2HCl + Na2Se = 2NaCl + H2Se | Chemical Equation. Chemical formula NaOH. All of these are of course desirable traits to be developed in students, but there has to be some degree of basic competence and reliability before using a burette with a class. For all panels, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001 (students two-tailed t test). A strong mineral monobasichydracid. The reaction was inhibited by mannitol, a hydroxyl radical quencher, but not by superoxide dismutase or catalase, strongly suggesting the involvement of hydroxyl radicals and ruling out participations of superoxide anions or hydrogen peroxide. e, Viability of vector and SEPHS2_U60C overexpressing cell lines subjected to CTRL and SEPHS2 g1 KO. SEPHS2 expression was compared in tumor and normal breast samples from TCGA b, and METABRIC (c) datasets. Leave the concentrated solution to evaporate further in the crystallising dish. Catalysts are substances that speed up the pace (velocity) of a chemical reaction without being consumed or becoming part of the end product. This can be done by combining the acid with a base, such as sodium hydroxide (a strong base). ; NIH T32 CA130807-8 to M.E.S. MathJax reference. Counts are from random fields. Sodium selenite - Wikipedia PDF 4. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION - Agency for Toxic Substances and In order to calculate how much sodium hydroxide to use, we need to know the molarity of the hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. This is because both products in the reaction are neutral. The aim is to introduce students to the titration technique only to produce a neutral solution. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. What are the chemical reactions that have HCl (hydrogen chloride) as reactant? Therefore, molarity is equal to moles divided by volume. This salt is a colourless solid. inorganic chemistry - Why is the boiling point of hydrogen sulfide Biol. The studies on the selective synthesis of dialkyl selenide compounds 1 were presented. An acid or base can simply be neutralized by mixing the two substances together. This behavior reflects that 10 M free selenide in excess over the metal kills the cells. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Drug-tolerant persister cancer cells are vulnerable to GPX4 inhibition. 2a Determination of the reacting volumes of solutions of a strong acid and a strong alkali by titration. For e, n=3 biological replicates; error bars are S.D. [6], Selenium is toxic in high concentrations. ; Searle Scholars Program, Rita Allen Foundation, Whitehall Foundation, Smith Family Foundation, and NIH/NIA DP2 AG067490-01 to P.L.G; and R01 CA229910 to L.M.S. Chem. For g, n=4 independent experiments; values are normalized to untreated cells (=1.0). The acid and base react to form a neutral solution of water and a salt, defined as any positive and negative ion bonded with an ionic bond. Redox imbalance in cystine/glutamate transporter-deficient mice. To calculate molarity, divide the number of moles by the volume. Open Access articles citing this article. Using a small funnel, pour a few cubic centimetres of 0.4 Mhydrochloric acid into the burette, with the tap open and a beaker under the open tap. Gene Identification, expression analysis and molecular docking of ATP sulfurylase in the selenization pathway of Cardamine hupingshanensis, Dietary supplementation with biogenic selenium nanoparticles alleviate oxidative stress-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction, CRISPR screens uncover protective effect of PSTK as a regulator of chemotherapy-induced ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. What follows here assumes that teachers have judged the class to be capable of doing this experiment using a burette with reasonable expectation of success. Baking soda is also classified as a base. This collection of over 200 practical activities demonstrates a wide range of chemical concepts and processes. For instance, in a certain experiment there are 0.5M HCl and 0.1M NaOH. Alim, I. et al. HCl | hydrogen chloride react with Na2Se | Sodium selenide; Selenodisodium; Disodio selenide produce NaCl | sodium chloride + H2Se | Dihydrido selenium; Dihydrogen selenide; Hydrogen selenide; Selenium hydride; Dihydridoselenium. Sodium sulfide, or Na2S, is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula of Na2S that has risen to prominence in the organic chemical industry. Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sodium_selenide&oldid=1063435895, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 January 2022, at 02:12. In order to neutralize hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide, the following steps must be followed: Neutralization reactions are classified as exothermic reactions. Open Access A.E.C., N.L. Continue until the solution just turns from yellow-orange to red and record the reading on the burette at this point. Suzuki, K. T. & Ogra, Y. Metabolic pathway for selenium in the body: speciation by HPLC-ICP MS with enriched Se. Distinct effects of methylseleninic acid versus selenite on apoptosis, cell cycle, and protein kinase pathways in DU145 human prostate cancer cells. q values are have been determined by ANOVA and adjusted for FDR (false discovery rate). Food Addit. As a result, substances like HCl must be neutralized before disposing of it. We can calculate the amount of base needed to neutralize the acid using the molarity of the acid and base. assisted with human sample studies. 23 June 2022, Molecular Cancer 2, 401404 (2012). Scale bar=20m. Rev. Molarity is the number of moles in a liter of solution. Assuming that the students have been given training, the practical work should, if possible, start with the apparatus ready at each work place in the laboratory. conceived the project; A.E.C., N.L. Like sodium hydroxide, baking soda (NaHCO) can also work to neutralize hydrochloric acid. How do you get out of a corner when plotting yourself into a corner. contracts here. 17, 4564 (1994). 202 lessons Sign up for the Nature Briefing: Cancer newsletter what matters in cancer research, free to your inbox weekly. Sodium metal reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce salt - Socratic Extended Data Fig. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is formed by joining a single sodium atom (purple) to a hydroxide, OH, (red and white) together. Selenide gas was formed by mixing sodium selenide, at a final 50 mM concentration, into 3.7% hydrochloric acid solution. Additionally, carbon dioxide is also formed. f, Immunoblots of SEPHS1 in 2 non-transformed and 2 cancer cells transduced as indicated. Rev. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Via a reaction between an acid and an alkali, we have turned the saddest of tragedies into a joyfulromance! Values are relative to the control cells treated with vehicle (=1.0). Values are relative to cells cultured under normoxic condition (20% O2), set at 1.0. b, Viability of non-transformed (blue bars) and selenophilic cancer (red bars) cells under nutrient starved conditions (10% or 20% growth media) for 48hr. Gating strategy is outlined in Extended Data Fig. g, In vivo tumor volume measurements for CTRL and SEPHS2 KO MDAMB231 orthotopic xenograft tumors. Values are relative to the same cell lines expressing nontargeting guide (black bars), set at 1.0. j, Immunoblots of selenoprotein expression in MCF10A and MDAMB231 cells subjected to (CRISPR/Cas9-induced) KO with guides against SEPHS1, SEPHS2, or control guides for 11 days. Read our privacy policy. (a) Name X and Y (b) Write the chemical equation of the reaction of metal X with (i) hydrochloric acid, and (ii) sodium hydroxide solution. A panel of metabolites that have documented toxic properties, and the downstream enzymes which use them as substrates, designated as detoxifiers, are listed. See all questions in Chemical Reactions and Equations. All raw data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request. We can evaporate the water off by slowly boiling the solution over a heat source (such as a Bunsen burner), which will leave us with salt crystals. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Refill the burette to the zero mark. [1], Sodium hydroselenide is slightly reducing. These reactions typically take place between a strong acid and strong base. Why did Ukraine abstain from the UNHRC vote on China? CAS In humid air sodium hydroselenide is changed to sodium polyselenide and elemental selenium. The right upper quadrant represents Annexin V positive and PI positive late dying/dead cells. 28, 2730 (2000). In order to calculate how much sodium hydroxide is needed to neutralize hydrochloric acid, the molarity of each must be known. In order to neutralize, there must be the same number of moles of hydroxide ions as hydrogen ions. Styling contours by colour and by line thickness in QGIS. Isnt chemistry a wonderful science? The concentration of the solution does not need to be made up to a high degree of accuracy, but should be reasonably close to the same concentration as the sodium hydroxide solution, and less than 0.5 M. Methyl orange indicator solution (the solid is TOXICbut not the solution) see CLEAPSSHazcardHC032and CLEAPSSRecipe Book RB000.
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