Medpage Today is among the federally registered trademarks of MedPage Today, LLC and may not be used by third parties without explicit permission. To analyze the changes in neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses over time, we used a mixed linear model with continuous natural log10-transformed cellular immune response data or the log2-transformed concentration of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein between days 1 and 240 as the dependent variable; age, sex, body mass index (BMI), occupation, vaccination mode, duration since the second dose, interval between doses of vaccination, and ABO blood were included as covariates in the models. From days 31 to 240, there was a slight decrease in the GMC of neutralizing antibodies in both groups. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Africa: A scoping review. J Neuroimmunol. Therefore, we were able to collect data of a few individuals who had received mixed vaccinations at the time. COVID vaccines and safety: what the research says. Patients were aged 25 to 63 years, had PNH granulocyte clones of 80%, and had not received transfusions in the past year. It varies from person to person, but how dramatic the initial response is does not necessarily relate to the long-term response. Acceptance of COVID-19 booster vaccination based on the protection motivation theory: A cross-sectional study in China. The blood group types did not affect the clinical outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol (2022) 144:16372. Patients with type O and rhesus negative (Rh-) blood groups may have a lower risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness, according to a study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine. Intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine booster dose and associated factors in Malaysia. That is the most troubling unknown for me." Weighing the odds Our team of editors strives to be objective, unbiased, and honest. doi:10.1038/s41422-021-00590-x, 23. INTRODUCTION The goal of this study was to evaluate the side effects of application of the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine on the workers at a Mexican hospital. At intervals of 2 months, 8 mL of blood samples was collected from volunteers and distributed into four tubes (2 mL/tube) with or without the EDTA anticoagulant (two tubes for each) to detect neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune response parameters. Lustig Y, Sapir E, Regev-Yochay G, Cohen C, Fluss R, Olmer L, et al. 20052022 MedPage Today, LLC, a Ziff Davis company. Healthcare professionals, particularly neurologists involved in the management of patients having undergone SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations, should be aware of these side effects and should stay vigilant to recognize them early and treat them adequately. People with Type O blood might be slightly more protected from the virus, and people with Type A slightly more vulnerable. All analyses, including linear regression, linear mixed models, and adverse effect analysis, were conducted using SPSS 25.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) and plotted using Prism 8.0. The difference may be the type of antibodies we produce depending on blood type. PMC The positive rate of neutralizing antibodies peaked at 97.7% at 6090 days, decreased, and stabilized at 82.9% at 181240 days post-vaccination. Opens in a new tab or window, Visit us on LinkedIn. Yin F, Wu Z, Xia X, Ji M, Wang Y, Hu Z. Some people with COVID-19 develop abnormal blood clots, including in the smallest blood vessels. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwab193, 14. Common side effects included: tenderness at the injection site for 73% of participants pain upon and after vaccination for 60% of participants fatigue for 50% of the participants muscle pain. April 5, 2021. The virus can lead to pneumonia, respiratory failure, heart problems, liver problems, septic shock, and death. 8600 Rockville Pike First there is a reaction in the arm where you are injected - think swelling and soreness - as the immune system swings into gear. If these side effects occur, they should go away in a few days. Opens in a new tab or window, Visit us on Facebook. "There's a fairly decent amount of existing literature beyond SARS-CoV-2" that certain blood types can play a role in disease risk and severity, says Joel Ray, M.D., a clinician scientist and professor at St. Michael's . Yet these risks are relative, meaning people with type O blood are not immune to COVID-19. On the other hand, the frequency of blood group O was significantly lower in the COVID-19 patients, compared to the control group . Received: 25 November 2022; Accepted: 20 February 2023;Published: 03 March 2023. Progress and challenge of COVID-19 vaccine development. 1 The symptoms commonly reported were similar to those already associated with COVID-19 vaccines like fatigue, headache, and muscle pain. Gao GF. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. "The smaller sample sizes and retrospective, observational nature of many prior studies, in addition to their striking heterogeneity of ABO associations with disease susceptibility and severity, could be due to chance variations, publication bias, differences in genetic background, geography and environment, and viral strains," they wrote. Socio-economic status is a big vulnerability, and age and health are next in line for susceptibility. Lower antibody concentrations were correlated with older age, longer duration after vaccination, non-health care workers, mixed-manufacturer vaccinations, and intervals of less than 40 days between two doses of vaccination, whereas lower IFN- levels and B-lymphocyte counts were associated with older age, blood type A, and non-health care workers. Congestion/runny nose. The early response observed 30 days after the second dose showed a boost effect linked to the same manufacturers scheme. Those who are O-negative may be the least likely to get COVID. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01420-3, 15. There were no differences in the positive rate of neutralizing antibodies between the groups throughout the observation period (p = 0.891; Figure2A). No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Loss of smell or taste. J Med Internet Res (2021) 23:e26089. -. Amyloid -related angiitis of the central nervous system occurring after COVID-19 vaccination: A case report. Anderson disclosed no relevant relationships with industry. Where are we now, in 2022, on blood type and Covid? But VWF also encourages clotting. The .gov means its official. Effectiveness of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the delta (B.1.617.2) variant surge in India: A test-negative, case-control study and a mechanistic study of post-vaccination immune responses. (AC) Kinetics of interferon-gamma levels according to (A) age, (B) blood type, and (C) occupation. The retailer is being called out over its strict security measures. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. Prospective cohort of Chinese individuals immunized with the inactivated vaccine and serological assays. Your body then releases von Willebrand factor, or VWF, into your blood so it can fix the damage to the vessel walls. "Or by being Type O, the virus gets in but the A antibody prevents it from docking with enough cells to cause disease. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Just because youre Type O doesnt mean youre in the clear. And clotting issuesincluding strokes, kidney failure, and pulmonary embolismscome up a lot with Covid infections. Whether mild or severe, data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), has shown that women are bearing the brunt of vaccine reactions, and experts believe it may be due to . The log-transformed level of interferon-gamma, CD4+ T-cell count, B-lymphocyte count, and IL-6 level were used as independent variables. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). FOIA Your body then releases von Willebrand factor, or VWF, into your blood so it can fix the damage to the vessel walls. But the virus is still in your system and you can still pass it to someone else.". 2022 Feb;29(2):555-563. doi: 10.1111/ene.15147. In conclusion, this study is the first to evaluate robust humoral and cellular immune responses at 240 days in 595 participants after a second dose of inactivated vaccine in individuals primed with the first dose. The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of Henan Provincial Peoples Hospital. In this study, the older population produced lower levels of neutralizing antibodies, IFN-, B-lymphocytes, and IL-6, similar to that in previous studies (3, 25). Future Sci OA (2021) 7:FSO735. It shows the vaccine is teaching your body's immune system how to protect itself from the disease. We also evaluated CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, B-cell counts, and IFN- and IL-6 levels after stimulation with the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 in 543, 539, 513, and 512 individuals, respectively. Bull Natl Res Cent. Science-based COVID-19 vaccine development. According to a CDC study which analyzed the first month of vaccinations, more than 79% of side effects were reported by women, even though women only accounted for 60% of vaccinations given.. Blood type doesnt affect much in our daily lives. CNN . To date, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a newly emerging infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected over 600 million people worldwide and killed over 6 million people (1, 2). xhr.open('POST', 'https://www.google-analytics.com/collect', true); Vous pouvez modifier vos choix tout moment en cliquant sur le lien Tableau de bord sur la vie prive prsent sur nos sites et dans nos applications. What You Need to Know IntroductionIn China, the long-term immunogenicity and adverse effects of inactivated vaccines produced by different or the same manufacturer remain unclear. These Type A antibodies might make it more difficult for SARS-CoV-2 to attach to its receptor in Type O blood and multiply in the body, he explains. 8 A total of 3 643 918 persons were enrolled in v-safe and completed at least 1 health survey within 7 days following their first vaccine dose; 1 920 872 v-safe participants reported receiving a second vaccine dose and completed at . Not everyone gets side effects. This unusual clotting may cause different complications, including organ damage, heart attack and stroke. Swollen Lymph Nodes After COVID-19 Vaccines May Cause Mammogram Confusion There's no need to worry about any of the flu-like symptoms. The most frequent of them are headache, GBS, VST, and transverse myelitis. The following outcomes were selected and defined by the authors based on information from regulatory authorities, previous studies, large-scale adverse events initiatives: febrile seizure, aseptic. We thank all study participants, the Henan Provincial Peoples Hospital data safety monitoring board, and the study-steering committee. -, Finsterer J, Scorza FA. This type of swelling is a normal reaction to the vaccine and will typically occur on the same side as the arm where the shot was given, said Dr. Geeta Swamy, a maternal-fetal medicine specialist . In November 2021 in The New England Journal of Medicine, he proposed that an autoimmune mechanism triggered by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein might explain both Long Covid symptoms and some rare vaccine side effects, and he called for more basic research to probe possible connections. Finally, individuals with certain occupations, including workers, especially older individuals and men, had low levels of antibodies and had weakened cellular immune responses following the second dose compared to their counterparts, suggesting that a longer gap between vaccine doses, which is a strategy in effect in some countries, should be re-evaluated, especially for more susceptible populations. In 2020, scientists started talking about a link between blood type and Covid. Recombinant protein subunit vaccine booster following two-dose inactivated vaccines dramatically enhanced anti-RBD responses and neutralizing titers against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern. "The long-term side effects of COVID infection are a major concern," Goepfert said. The question of a possible relationship between blood type and disease risk has been a topic of active research since early in the pandemic. Saur D, ORyan M, Torres JP, Zuniga M, Santelices E, Basso LJ. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. B negative red blood cells can be given to both B and AB patients. And guess what: People with Type A blood have higher levels of VWF naturally than people with type O blood, Dr. Udden points out. For a March study out of the Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, China, scientists tracked the blood types of nearly 2,200 COVID-19 patients in Chinese hospitals, along with those of about 27,000 individuals who didn't have COVID-19 in the same areas. Pour en savoir plus sur la faon dont nous utilisons vos donnes personnelles, veuillez consulter notre politique relative la vie prive et notre politique en matire de cookies. O and Rh-negative blood types may already have COVID-19 antibodies. After the administration of the inactivated vaccine, the GMC of neutralizing antibodies decreased from 50.2 IU/mL on day 30 to 17.7 IU/mL (average decrease: 32.3%) and 13.3 IU/mL (average decrease: 25.9%) on days 180 and 240, respectively, representing an average monthly decrease of 10.1% (Figure2B). . Serious side effects. Hermel DJ, Spierling Bagsic SR, Costantini CL, Mason JR, Gahvari ZJ, Saven A. ABO phenotype and clinical correlates of COVID-19 severity in hospitalized patients. All rights reserved. The discovery of Type Os protective effect is crucial to building an understanding of how the virus works. It may affect your immune systems strength or your inflammatory response to the infection. In the case of the two mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, well over 90% of . B negative patients can only receive blood from other B negative donors or from type O negative donors (who are the universal donors). Patient characteristics and reactions to the COVID-19 vaccines are shown in Table 1. The signs are trouble breathing, swelling of the face and throat, rash, and low blood pressure. Additional research and review papers have confirmed that we're in more or less the same place: It looks like there really is an association between Type A blood and susceptibility to Covid and Type O blood and less susceptibility. Type O blood, the most common in the U.S., provides some protection against COVID. However, in China, data on long-term immunogenicity and adverse effects of inactivated vaccines produced by different manufacturers or the same manufacturer have not been reported. why people on blood thinners shouldn't get the vaccine. Wang L, Fan JP, Xu Y, Wang JL, Wang MZ. One, for instance, suggests that people with Type A may have a higher risk of catching Covid-19 and of. Moderna says 9.7% of their participants felt fatigued and 4.5% got . The observations made in the "Study of blood group analysis and its correlation with lymphopenia in Covid- 19 infected people" were carried during the first wave of cases for two months in a retrospective manner. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Friday published new data listing the most common side effects Americans reported after receiving shots of Pfizer 's or Moderna 's Covid-19 vaccines. Reactogenicity analysis was based on solicited adverse events in 425 and 143 participants from the control and intervention groups, respectively, 30 days after vaccination. Therefore, we designed a multicenter, longitudinal, observational study to evaluate the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a second dose of inactivated vaccine among those who received the two vaccines from different manufacturers. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Based on their data, the Novavax vaccine has a significantly lower rate of side effects compared to the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines. Second, the reported adverse events could also have been underestimated due to the small number of participants and short observation period. O is the most common blood type in the U.S.: 37 percent of white Americans fall into this category, according to the American Red Cross, with the numbers rising to 47 percent among African-Americans, 53 percent among Latinx-Americans, and 39 percent of Asian-Americans. All Rights Reserved. The relationships between blood type-, age-, sex-, and occupation-related reactivities of neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses were demonstrated. Participants with an interval of <40 days between the doses of vaccination had lower levels of neutralizing antibodies than those with an interval of >40 days between the doses (B = 0.015 (0.010.021), 95% CI 0.010.021; p < 0.001) (Figure2E; Table2, and Table S3). We may earn a commission through links on our site. The blood type-infection connection is not unique to the coronavirus. doi:10.6061/clinics/2021/e3286 The first hint of a possible relationship came in March, from researchers in China, who compared nearly 2,200 hospitalized COVID-19 patients to a control group of approximately 27,000 healthy individuals. Unfortunately, to date, occupation- and blood type-disaggregated data on cellular and humoral immunogenicity have not been reported by studies on COVID-19 vaccines. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.19499, 11. Conversely, participants aged >50 years had higher levels of reactive IL-6 than those aged 1830 years (B = 1.0, 95% CI 0.61.5; p < 0.001) (Table6; Figure3E). This article is part of Harvard Medical School's continuing coverage of medicine, biomedical research, medical education and policy related to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the disease COVID-19. Those four main blood groupsA, AB, B, and Ocan be Rh-positive or Rh-negative, meaning that there are 8 blood groups in total. mesurer votre utilisation de nos sites et applications. Wong MCS, Wong ELY, Huang J, Cheung AWL, Law K, Chong MKC, et al. Results: Most participants [582/595; 146 male participants, 449 female participants; mean age 35 (2650 years)] rapidly developed neutralizing antibodies after two doses of the vaccine administered 3-weeks apart. This can result in pain, redness, or swelling at . A higher IL-6 level was associated with older age, mixed-manufacturer vaccinations, intervals of less than 40 days between two doses of vaccination, and medical staff. The population required to be vaccinated included children aged 311 years, adolescents aged 1217 years, and adults. As the study is ongoing, further follow-up data on the third dose of a vaccine booster will be reported in the future. } ); Glob Health Res Policy (2022) 7:21. doi:10.1186/s41256-022-00255-1, 12. Epub 2022 Jun 1. Because these detected records included missing data for neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses, we used mixed linear models that can handle unequal numbers of repeated observations for individuals when there were random missing data. Introduction: In China, the long-term immunogenicity and adverse effects of inactivated vaccines produced by different or the same manufacturer remain unclear. afficher des publicits et des contenus personnaliss en fonction de vos profils de centres dintrt; mesurer lefficacit des publicits et contenus personnaliss; et. Methods: This prospective, multicenter, observational, longitudinal study involved 595 participants with a negative SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction result who were serologically tested and followed for 8 months after vaccination. In all cases, the immune system creates antibodies that activate platelets in the bloodstream, he said. "Given the large and prospective nature of our study and its strongly null results, we believe that important associations of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 with ABO groups are unlikely and will not be useful factors associated with disease susceptibility or severity on either an individual or population level for similar environments and ancestries," they concluded. (F) Comparison of adverse effects between individuals vaccinated with vaccines from the same and different manufacturers for the two doses. It's normal to experience side effects after the vaccine. The clots may also form in multiple places in the body, including in the lungs. ABO blood typing was performed using a test-tube method according to the manufacturers protocol (Chengdu Xiehe Ltd., Co., Chengdu, China). Along with its needed effects, sars-cov-2 (covid-19) mrna-1273 vaccine (the active ingredient contained in Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine) may cause some unwanted effects. Research is still finding clues about who's more susceptible and why. Shutterstock The researchers at St. Michael's Hospital in Toronto, Canada, examined the test results of 225,556 Canadians who had been tested for COVID-19 between Jan. 15 and Jun. One of the most unusual and serious side-effects of the COVID-19 vaccine jab, which has been reported from various corners is Blood clotting. It also can be potentially quite large and thus a bit unsettling. The concentration kinetics of IgG neutralizing antibodies were evaluated against the RBD for all study participants at least once during the 8-month timeframe and at least four times for 119 participants (20%). Lancet (2021) 398:12130. People with blood type O may be less vulnerable to Covid-19 and have a reduced likelihood of getting severely ill, according to two studies published Wednesday. Unexplained deaths. Therefore, we could not determine the level of neutralizing antibodies against viruses that cause breakthrough infection or severe infection. Exacerbating GuillainBarr syndrome eight days after vectorbased COVID19 vaccination. Factors that influence the concentration of neutralizing antibodies and cellular responses were analyzed using a multivariate linear regression model, which could be set on one of the classified variances as a reference to calculate the B value (18). This weird trivia you didn't know about the world will blow you away. Experts say more . However, this speculation requires validation using a larger patient cohort. Follow-up visits were scheduled on days 130 to measure vital signs, review any solicited and unsolicited adverse events, and update medical and medication records. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the cellular immune responses and neutralizing antibody kinetics of homologous and heterologous administrations of an inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine 240 days after the second vaccination. (EG) Kinetics of interferon (IL)-6 levels according to (E) age, (F) vaccine manufacturer, (G) occupation and (H) interval between doses of vaccination. Table4 Factors associated with CD4+ T-lymphocyte count after the administration of the Chinese inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. Share on Facebook. Opens in a new tab or window, Visit us on TikTok. Front. Other neurological side effects occur in a much lower frequency. Cytokine levels and lymphocyte subset counts were measured using flow cytometry (Beamcyte-1026; Changzhou Beamdiag Co., Ltd., Changzhou, China). .css-13y9o4w{display:block;font-family:GraphikBold,GraphikBold-fallback,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-13y9o4w:hover{color:link-hover;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-13y9o4w{font-size:1.05rem;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:0.25rem;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-13y9o4w{font-size:1.28598rem;line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-13y9o4w{font-size:1.39461rem;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:0.5rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-13y9o4w{font-size:1.23488rem;line-height:1.3;}}This Coffee Shop Provides Free Therapy for Men, How To Stop Poop From Burning After Spicy Food, What to Do When You Hit Your Head Really Hard, 4 Things Every Man Should Know About Testosterone, The Truth About Testosterone and Your Libido, 20 Minutes of Exercise Lowers Hospitalization Risk. Figure2 Quantitation of antibodies on days 1240 following administration of the Chinese inactivated vaccine. Natl Sci Rev (2021) 8:nwab193. Possible side effects: Pain, redness, or swelling at the site where the shot was administered, and/or tiredness, headache, muscle pain, chills, fever, or nausea throughout the rest of the body. Keywords: We dont know about asymptomatic carriersthat is, Type O could still pass along the virus to other people unknowingly just as much as Type A could. People may start . Eur J Med Res. Bestlifeonline.com is part of the Meredith Health Group. This study was a multicenter, longitudinal, prospective, observational study conducted in two hospitals (Henan Provincial Peoples Hospital and Zhengzhou Municipal Chinese Medicine Hospital) and one institution (Henan Electric Power Survey and Design Institute) in central China. 2022 Galvanized Media. COVID-19 vaccine side effects can vary depending on a person's age, sex, or health. Shaw AT, Bauer TM, de Marinis F, Felip E, Goto Y, Liu G, et al. doi:10.1080/14760584.2021.1971523, 13. YY and JX designed the study, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. This may explain why individuals with blood type A were more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection than those with other blood types. The most common adverse effect was fatigue (n = 4), followed by fever (n = 2), injection site pain (n = 4), malaise (n = 4), rash (n = 4), and pruritus (n = 3). The levels of IFN- and CD4+ T-lymphocytes were not altered in the participants for 240 days after vaccination, whereas the levels of neutralizing antibodies, B-lymphocytes, and IL-6 decreased with increasing time after vaccination. BM and JZ collected data and YL reviewed the manuscript. -, Wang MW, Wen W, Wang N, et al. In addition, people who are Black, who have died at a disproportionately high rate from Covid, tend to have higher levels of VWF, too. COVID19 vaccination acceptance among healthcare workers and nonhealthcare workers in China: a survey. Opens in a new tab or window, Share on Twitter. The most frequent neurological side effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are headache, Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), venous sinus thrombosis (VST), and transverse myelitis. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. We only observed a trend of decreasing neutralizing antibodies after vaccination over time. Between June 19, 2021 and April 30, 2022, healthy or clinically stable adults (aged 1880 years) who had received two doses of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine between 3 and 8 weeks (2156 days) before the screening visit were recruited. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following the COVID-19 vaccine Ad26.COV2.S, a case report. 2022 Aug 15;369:577901. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577901. Co-authors disclosed support from Dell Loy Hansen Heart Foundation Heart Institute, Intermountain Research and Medical Foundation, AstraZeneca, PCORnet, GlaxoSmithKline, CareCentra, and LabMe.ai, as well as licensing of intellectual property from Alluceo and CareCentra. Also, if possible, get some rest. Bookshelf Blood type is actually a pretty weak player, Dr. Udden says. This "Covid arm" rash can be red, itchy, swollen, or painful. Typical side effects include pain at the injection site, fever, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills and diarrhoea. Li JX, Wu SP, Guo XL, Tang R, Huang BY, Chen XQ, et al. Additional . Blood clots with low platelets Capillary leak syndrome Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS) Ongoing monitoring of side effects and reactions As the COVID-19 vaccine rollout continues across Canada, safety monitoring is ongoing. eCollection 2021. We know the Covid virus damages the lining of your blood vessels. "It's pretty clear that Type O is protective to some degree. (A) Positive rates of neutralizing antibodies. Vaccine (2021) 39:114856. xhr.send(payload); Epub 2021 May 25. Some research findings have suggested that people with blood types A and AB are more susceptible to contracting COVID-19,. Therefore, we speculate that the concentration of neutralizing antibodies may be increased more rapidly after the third or fourth dose of booster. We constantly strive to provide you with the best information possible. Microbiol Spectr (2022) 10:e0118121. Reactogenicity analysis results are presented as percentage of participants. But theres another interesting layer to a potential protective element in Type O blood: something called von Willebrand factor, which is a glycoprotein in charge of repairing damage to blood vessels by prompting your blood to clot. Of the 107,796 individuals tested for COVID-19, 11,468 patients tested positive. Copyright 2023 Yuan, Xu, Ma, Chen, Wang, Wang, Jing, Zhang, Wang, Yan, Zhang, Zhao and Li. The couple will likely attend the big event. Therefore, the mixing of vaccine brands between doses was considered a feasible strategy to complete the entire course of basic immunization with two doses of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. Lancet Respir Med (2022) 10:73948. Opens in a new tab or window, Visit us on Instagram. And for more on the state of the pandemic, check out These 2 Places Could Be Closing Soon, White House Official Warns. As with all vaccines, side effects may occur after getting the COVID-19 vaccine. Parameters of cell immune responses were evaluated by quantifying the levels of interferon (IFN)-, interleukin (IL)-6, and CD4, and counts of B-lymphocyte subsets in the plasma after overnight stimulation of whole blood with 2 g/mL SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides (Wuhan Huamei Biotechnology Ltd., Co., Wuhan, China) or dimethyl sulfoxide in whole-blood culture as a control, requiring only 2 mL blood (14).