Activity: Imperialism Cartoons - The World - G.E. Beasley Illus. - From the Cape to Cairo (1900 edition) | Open Library Address of Pope Barrow to the Daughters of the American revolution. In 1927, Mashonaland Railways was renamed Rhodesia Railways as efforts were underway to expand the country's rail system. 'From the Cape to Cairo: Though the process be costly, the road of Rhodes measures with the telegraphic line the distance from Cape Town (at his right foot) in South Africa to Cairo (at his left foot) in Egypt, illustrating his broader "Cape to Cairo" concept for further colonial expansion in Africa. One cannot imagine a blunter caption than the one that accompanied his 1900 cartoon for Judge: And, after all, the Philippines Are Only the Stepping-Stone to China. In Flohris image, Uncle Samheavily laden with steel, railroads, bridges, farm equipment, and the likegives a cursory nod to the spread of civilization by grasping a book titled "Education" and "Religion. The confident giant is greeted with open arms by a diminutive yellow-clad Chinese mandarin. English Lessons: The Pedagogy of Imperialism in Nineteenth-Century China(Durham: Duke University Press, 2003). Cohen, Paul A. Even the Civil War is referenced, in a wall plaque: The Confederate States refused their consent to be governed; but the Union was preserved without their consent. Refuting the right of indigenous rule was based on demonstrating a populations lack of preparation for self-governance. If only black-and-white ("b&w") sources are listed and you desire a copy showing The turn of the century also witnessed emergence of articulate anti-imperialist voices worldwideand this movement had its own powerful wing of incisive graphic artists. 799820 (June 2000). The caption, "From the Cape to Cairo. In mid 1899, Life published this chilling view of the war in the Philippines that was to drag on for several more years. 1900. If an image is displaying, you can download it yourself. Price lists, contact information, and order forms are available on the The 1901 date indicates that the specific reference is to Allied reprisals against Chinese civilians following the Boxer Uprising. Uneasiness over the idea of using force to govern a country was overcome by tracing the issue of consent back through recent history. Anthropomorphizing nations and concepts meant that in an 1899 cartoon captioned The White Mans Burden, the U.S., as Uncle Sam, could be shown trudging after Britains John Bull, his Anglo-Saxon partner, carrying non-white nationsdepicted in grotesque racist caricaturesuphill from the depths of barbarism to the heights of civilization. The second was the U.S. conquest and occupation of the Philippines that began in 1899. 'An animal hero has fallen': Cape Town vet stabbed to death after On February 15, 1898, the battleship U.S.S. In all likelihood, it was an internal malfunction, but many Americans blamed the Spanish and rallied behind the slogan Remember the Maine, to Hell with Spain. The United States declared war on Spain on April 20, and the fury kindled by the sinking of the Maine was appeased by a great U.S. naval victory on the other side of the world two and a half months later. Rudyard Kiplings famous poem The White Mans Burden was published in 1899, during a high tide of British and American rhetoric about bringing the blessings of civilization and progress to barbaric non-Western, non-Christian, non-white peoples. 62, Issue 4,pp. such as microfilm or copy prints? A post-conflict report calculated that close to 28,000 white Boers perished (the vast majority of them children under sixteen), while fatalities among incarcerated native Africans numbered over 14,000 at the very least. The Native: Ever since my home was burned to the ground and my wife and children shot.. And, After All, the Philippines are Only the Stepping-Stone to China. Emil Flohri,Judge, ca. More about Copyright and other Restrictions. Source:The Ohio State University Cartoon Research Library. Seated around them (left to right) are a feminized Russia, Turkey, Italy, Austria, Spain, and France. 11 [-21]. The eight-nation military intervention during the Boxer Uprising in China in 1900 amounted to a global case study of how nations with superior technology wreaked violence abroad in the name of bringing about peace and civilization. Education in the ways of the West completed the political and commercial occupation. - (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1938). No quarter will be given! Gillams sub-caption is All this for politicsis civilization advancing?. Civilization & Barbarism: "The White Man's Burden" (1898-1902) The famous cartoon demonstrates Rhodes dream. Our Christmas Tree. Udo Keppler,Puck, December 27, 1899. This French cartoon eschews the romantic presentation in the preceding Puckgraphic and casts a far more cynical eye on Anglo-American expansion as fundamentally a matter of conquest. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University, The barbarity of imperial war is displayed on a battlefield littered with dead soldiers of many nationalities that stretches from contemporary warshere, the Philippines and Transvaal (Boer War)back through time to Roman Wars. The sub-caption of this 1900 Judge cartoon once again asks the disturbing question: is civilization advancing?. Driven by competition with each other and economic pressures at home, the worlds major powers ventured to ever-distant lands to spread their religion, culture, power, and sources of profits. Britannia, carrying a large white flag labeled "Civilization" with British soldiers and colonists behind her, advances on a horde of natives, one carrying a flag labeled "Barbarism." What did the public back home know about the fighting of these far-off wars? What can an observer infer about the role of native Africans in French colonial conquests from "Conquest and Competition" (Visual Source 18.2)?, 3. Keppler portrays the conflict between the British and Sudanese as a struggle of the representatives of civilization against the forces of barbarism. Although the imagery used to depict the barbarians is not specifically evocative of the Middle East, it is a reflection of the predominant Western attitude toward the enterprise of colonialism and imperialism at the dawn of the twentieth century. French artists, on the other hand, leveled charges of barbarism against Great Britain and other imperial powers, including their own country, in vivid graphics. The large Map of the United States and Neighboring Countries is dotted with U.S. flags marking newly-acquired territories. The caption applies the motto united we stand to the Anglo-Saxon brotherhood spreading Western civilization abroad. White man's burden--1900-1910, - In an 1898 two-page spread in Puck, female symbols of the two nations, Columbia and Britannia, meet as mother and daughter to celebrate their reunion After Many Years. Wearing archaic breastplates and helmets, with trident and sword, these outsized, archetypal crusaders helm modern warships. Given the rhetoric of civilizing uplift used to justify expansion, training was expected as part of the incorporation of new territories into the U.S. Mott, Frank Luther. Maine exploded and sank in the harbor at Havana. Religion played a major role in the characterization of others as heathens in need of salvation through education, conversion, and civilizing in the ways of Christian culture. Written over the battle clouds on the right, the Spanish-American War would have inspired the depiction of Columbia as an emerging military power. In September 1901, the French artist Jean Veber used the pages of LAssiette au Beurre to call attention to one of the often-forgotten ironies of the mystique of the white mans burden. His cartoon, depicting a vast field of flat stone grave markers, carried the simple caption United Kingdom (Le Royaume-Uni). Vebers series, Les Camps de Reconcentration au Transvaal, begins with the cover image Le Silence, in which a veiled woman holds her finger to her lips, standing over the remnants of what appears to be an electric fence and a plow that suggests the earth has been tilled to bury evidence. In the United States Puck, Judge, and the first version of a pictorial magazine titled Life; in France LAssiette au Beurre; and in Germany the acerbic Simplicissimus published masterful illustrations that ranged in opinion and style from partisan to thoughtful to gruesome. And the political cartoons of the timesubjective, emotional, ideological, highly politicized and at the same time, politically diversifiedconvey this complexity with unparalleled sophistication and intensity. 1900. Anthropomorphizing nations and concepts meant that in an 1899 cartoon captioned The White Mans Burden, the U.S., as Uncle Sam, could be shown trudging after Britains John Bull, his Anglo-Saxon partner, carrying non-white nationsdepicted in grotesque racist caricaturesuphill from the depths of barbarism to the heights of civilization. But by the 1890s, emerging industrial powerhouses like the U.S. and Germany reduced Britains industrial dominance. Our Civilized Heathen. Generic names on the gravestones are coupled with places of origin, including England, Scotland, Ireland, New Zealand, Canada, Australia, Gibraltar, India, Ceylon, and Egypt, indicating the diversity of those recruited to fight and die for the British Empire. In the French cartoon Leur rve (Their dream), the globe is portrayed as a victim carried on a stretcher. All Missionaries and Converts Being Exterminated. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1900. The long text accompanying this grim illustration reads as follows: It appears that the Filipinos have lost confidence in Americans. Co., Puck Bldg. In the rest of the continent, the Belgians brutally dealt with uprisings in the Congo; and the German government gobbled up what practically was the last "free" land for colonials in southwest Africa. Do those benighted wretches fail to realize what we have accomplished in their islands? Tributes have poured in for a Cape Town vet who was killed by .